InGaAs Photodetector; 1060, 1310, 1550 nm; Aluminium Enclosure; Responsivity 0.7 mA/mW; RF Bandwidth 0-200 MHz; Transimpedance Gain 3×104 V/A OCT and sensor systems require high-performance balanced photodetectors to increase system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). General Photonics’ BPD-002 balanced photodetector module is specially designed for use in research and development, with ease of use and high performance as the primary design goals. The BPD-002 device is fully enclosed in a compact, sturdy aluminium box with two optical input ports, a balanced RF output port, two 1 MHz monitor ports and a power supply port. With a bandwidth up to 200 MHz, a transimpedance gain larger than 30K and a saturation power larger than 130 µW, the BPD-002 balanced photodetector is ideal for integration into laboratory or commercial OCT, fiber sensor, and high-performance optical measurement systems. Key Features: Low Noise and High Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) High Conversion Gain Wide RF Output Bandwidth (3dB): DC to 200, 100, 50, 10 or 5 MHz Wavelength Range: 1060, 1310 or 1550 nm ±50 nm Compact Size: 97 x 61 x 19 mm Photodetector Type: InGaAs Photodetector Responsivity: 0.7 mA/mW @1310 nm Transimpedance Gain: 3×104 V/A CW Balanced Saturation Power: >130 μW @ 1310 nm PD Input Power (linear range): 0 to 1 mW @ 1310 nm PD Power Damage Threshold: 20 mW Common Mode Rejection Ratio: >25 dB RF Output Voltage Range (at 50 Ω): ±1.8 V Applications: Optical Coherence Tomography; Fiber Sensing Interrogator; Instrumentation; Research and Development

InGaAs Photodetector; 1060, 1310, 1550 nm; Aluminium Enclosure; Responsivity >0.5->0.8 mA/mW; RF Bandwidth 0-200 MHz; Transimpedance Gain 100×103 V/A OCT and sensor systems require high performance balanced photodetectors to boost system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). General Photonics’ BPD-003 OEM balanced photodetector module is specially designed for OEM applications in such fields, engineered for low cost and small size as well as high performance. The BPD-003 device consists of an optical head and a post-amplification board with an SMA or SMB RF output connector. The optical head has two input fibers aligned with a pair of matched photodetectors, selected for high CMRR and sensitivity, followed by an integrated low-noise transimpedance amplifier (TIA) placed immediately after the photodetectors to amplify received signals with low noise and enhanced CMRR. The integrated post-amplification circuit further conditions and amplifies the output of the detectors to a range of ± 3.5 V maximum. With a bandwidth of up to 200 MHz and a high conversion gain, the BPD-003 is ideal for integration into OCT, fiber sensor and high-performance optical measurement systems. Key Features: Very Low Noise Excellent Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR): >15 (40 to 200 MHz), >35 dB (DC to 40 MHz) Photodetector Type: InGaAs Photodetector Responsivity: >0.5 to >0.8 mA/mW High Conversion Gain: >50 to >80 x 10³ mV/mW Wide RF Output Bandwidth: DC to 200 MHz Wavelength Range: 1060, 1310 or 1550 nm ±50 nm Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.2 dB Return Loss (RL): >45 dB Maximum Input Power: 10 mW Transimpedance Gain: 100 x 10³ V/A Fiber Type: SMF-28, HI1060 Compact Size: 49.5 x 21.6 x 16.5 mm Applications: Sensor Systems; Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Systems; Optical Measurement Systems; Fiber Sensing Interrogator; Instrumentation; Research and Development

1310, 1550 nm; IL 1.0 dB; DOP <5%; ER <0.5 dB; RL 55 dB General Photonics’ DEP depolarizer module is a passive device (requiring no external power) that depolarizes laser output. The standard configuration can be used for coherence lengths less than 10 m. Custom units can be specified for coherence lengths of multiple kilometers. The DEP polarizer is ideal for minimizing the polarization sensitivity of fiber optic sensor systems such as systems for quasi-distributed temperature and strain sensing based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), systems for distributed temperature and strain sensing based on Brillouin or Raman scattering and systems for distributed acoustic sensing based on Rayleigh scattering. It can also help to eliminate the effects of PDL or polarization sensitivity of optical components and instruments. Equally important, it can be used for depolarizing pump lasers to eliminate the polarization sensitivity of Raman amplifiers. The DEP polarizer is packaged in a small (85 × 60 × 10 mm), rugged aluminium box, providing high performance and superb environmental stability. The internal structure and package size may be different depending on the coherence length or spectral width of the light signal to be depolarized. Contact AMS Technologies for an optimized configuration for your intended applications. Key Features: Customizable for Light Sources With Different Coherence Lengths Low Output Degree of Polarization (DOP): <5% Center Operating Wavelength: 1310, 1550 nm Wide Operating Wavelength Range: ±50 nm Low Insertion Loss: 1.0 dB Typical, 1.4 dB Maximum Compact Size: 85 × 60 × 10, 85 x 85 x 15 mm, Larger Package for Coherence Length >200 m No Power Source Required Coherence Length of Light Source: 10 m Standard, Others Specify Residual Extinction Ratio (ER): <0.5 dB Return Loss: 55 dB Optical Power Handling: ≥300 mW Fiber Type Input: PM Panda Fiber Fiber Type Output: SMF-28 Applications: Minimize Polarization Sensitivity of Fiber Sensors; Depolarize Pump Lasers; Remove Polarization Sensitivity of Raman Amplifiers; Eliminate Polarization Sensitivity of Optical Instruments; Eliminate the Effects of PDL; Can Be Integrated Into Remote Monitors

DGD Range 0-200, 0-44 ps; DGD Resolution 0.2 ps; Single Band C, L, O, Dual Band CL; Max. IL 3.5 dB; Max. PDL 0.3 dB; RL >50 dB Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) can seriously degrade the quality of high-speed fiber-optic data transmission. High-speed transceivers must meet stringent standards for PMD tolerance. General Photonics’ DGD-1000 PMD Source/Emulator accurately and repeatably generates both high and low values of differential group delay (DGD) or first-order PMD. Both the DGD and PDL are very stable over time and wavelength within the performance band. The DGD-1000 PMD source/emulator is available in different versions to accommodate the need for different wavelengths and DGD ranges. Key Features: Generates Differential Group Delay DGD up to 400 ps DGD Range: 0 to 200 ps, 0 to 400 ps DGD Resolution: 0.2 ps DGD Change Rate: Up to 64 ps/s Wavelength Range Single Band: C Band, L Band or O Band Wavelength Range Dual Band: CL Bands Insertion Loss (IL): ≤3.5 dB Very Low Insertion Loss (IL) Variation Over DGD Range: 0.1 dB typ. Very Low Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) Over DGD Generation Range: 0.3 dB max., 0.1 dB typ. Return Loss: >50 dB Slow SOP Variation: <1 rad/min Small DGD Variation Over Time: <0.1 ps Over 8 Hours Extended Version Can Cover up to 600 ps as Special Order Applications: System PMD Tolerance Testing; 1st Order PMD Performance Simulation

1260-1620 nm; DOP Accuracy 0.2%, 0.5%; DOP Range 0-100%; DOP Resolution 0.01%; Operating Power Range -40-6dBm General Photonics’ DOP-201 system measures and displays the degree of polarization (DOP) of a light source in real time on the front panel display. The instrument incorporates a patented maximum & minimum search technique that accurately measures both low and high DOP with a wide dynamic range. This technique is superior to polarimeter-based methods that are inaccurate at low values of DOP as well as scrambler-based methods which are less accurate at high values of DOP. The instrument's wide wavelength range includes the S, C and L bands, without calibration. Simultaneous measurement of DOP and optical power level of the light source under test can be used to obtain DOP power dependence and to ensure low insertion loss during depolarizer manufacturing. The DOP-201 degree of polarization meter is ideal for characterizing the performance of depolarizers and depolarized light sources, such as ASE and SLED sources and the pumps for Raman amplifiers. It can also be used to monitor the OSNR (optical signal-to-noise ratio) and PMD (polarization mode dispersion) of optical signals, and to measure the noise figure of optical amplifiers. The DOP-201 features fast measurement, high accuracy and resolution, a wide operating power range, a bright OLED display and an analog output port for easy integration in automated depolarizer manufacturing stations. Key Features: Rapid Measurement Speed: 30 ms Degree of Polarization (DOP) Wavelength Independence High DOP Accuracy: ±0.5% for Single Sample, ±0.2% for 10 Sample Average Wide Operating Wavelength Range: 1260 to 1620 nm DOP Range: 0 to 100% DOP Resolution: 0.01% Operating Power Range: -40 to 6 dBm Front Panel Real-time Display Analog Output Dimensions: 356 x 216 x 89 mm Applications: Characterizing Depolarizers and Depolarized Light Sources, Such as ASE and SLED Sources and the Pumps for Raman Amplifiers; Monitoring OSNR and PMD of Optical Signals; Measuring the Noise Figure of Optical Amplifiers; Depolarizer Manufacturing and QC; Fiber Gyro Coil Characterization; ROADM Manufacturing

600-1620 nm; No. of Channels 1, 2; PER Resolution 0.1 dB; PER Dynamic Range >40, >50 dB; Angular Resolution 0.06 dB; Input Optical Power Range -30-10 dBm; Power Resolution 0.02, 0.2 dB; Measurement Speed 0.1-10 s General Photonics’ ERM-202 is a single or dual channel polarization extinction ratio (PER) meter. When used with a broadband source, it directly measures PER. Single and dual channel models are available. The single channel instrument can be upgraded to a dual-channel version at a later date. The dual channel version is specifically designed to simultaneously measure the PER and power ratio of a device with two polarization maintaining (PM) outputs, such as a Y-branch fiber gyro IOC, PM coupler (PMC), or polarization beam splitter (PBS), as well as evaluate the performance (output DOP) of depolarizers. By combining low-noise circuitry with a high-resolution stepper, the ERM series achieves a PER dynamic range of 50 dB and an angular resolution of 0.06°, outperforming all competitors in its class. These instruments feature OLED displays with a high contrast bright readout that allows the data to be observed from several feet away. The instruments can be operated from the front panel or via remote control. The operator can choose from four measurement speeds ranging from 0.1 to 1 s/cycle to optimize speed or accuracy and can observe multiple parameters on the front panel screen including PER, axis angle, power ratios, and optical power. The measurement data can be stored and recalled for comparison purposes from the front panel as well. Full digital or remote control is included for unattended or system applications. Key Features: One or Two Measurement Channels Free-space Input Front Panel or Remote Control Simultaneous Polarization Extinction Ratio (PER) and Power Ratio Testing PER Resolution: 0.1 dB PER Dynamic Range: >40, >50 dB High Angular Resolution: 0.06 dB Operating Wavelength Range: 1260 to 1620 nm, 960 to 1160 nm, 600 to 850 nm Input Optical Power Range -30 to 10 dBm Power Resolution: 0.02, 0.2 dB Measurement Speed: 0.1 to 10 s Bright OLED Display Store and Recall Functions Dimensions: 356 x 216 x 89 mm Applications: Verification of PM Connectorization and Splices; Testing PM Fiber Coils; Simultaneous Measurement of PER and Power Ratio; Testing Y-branch Fiber Gyro IOCs; Testing PM Couplers (PMC) or Polarization Beam Splitters (PBS); Evaluating the Performance of Depolarizers; Laser Diode PM Fiber Pigtailing; PM Fiber Patchcord Production; PM Fiber Fusion Splicing QA; PM Fiber Coil and Fiber Gyro QA

1550 nm; DGD 0-45 ps; RL 55 dB; IL 0.8 dB; Fiber Type SMF-28; PDL <0.2 dB General Photonics’ FDE-002 fixed differential group delay (DGD) artifacts eliminate the need for precise measurement of polarization maintaining (PM) fiber lengths to add defined amounts of first order PMD to a system. DGD values of up to 45 ps are available in the FDE-002 fixed differential group delay standard size package. Larger DGD values are also available by special request. Key Features: Large 1st Order PMD: up to 45 ps Low Insertion Loss (IL): <1 dB (0.8 dB Typical) Operating Wavelength: 1550 ± 50nm DGD Value: 0 to 45 ps Standard, Larger Values on Request DGD Calibration Accuracy: ±(1 fs + DGD x 0.5%) Insertion Loss (intrinsic): < 1 dB (0.8 dB typical) Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.2 dB Return Loss (RL): 55 dB Power Handling: >300 mW Fiber Type: SMF-28 Dimensions: 108 × 7.9 x 7.9 mm Applications: PMD Emulation; PMD Compensation; TDM Bit Alignment

980-1650 nm; Total Phase Shift >8π; IL <0.1 dB; RL >65 dB; PDL <0.05 dB; Residual Amplitude Modulation ±0.01 dB General Photonics’ FPS-001 is an all-fiber device that shifts or modulates phase by up to 15π at frequencies from DC to 20 kHz. The advantage of the all-fiber construction is that insertion loss and back reflection are reduced to near zero. Key Features: Low Insertion Loss (IL): < 0.1 dB Low Residual Amplitude Modulation: ±0.01 dB NoTail™ Version Available Operating Wavelength: 1260 to 1650, 980 to 1310 nm Return Loss (RL): >65 dB Total Phase Shift (0 to 20 kHz): >8π Half-wave Voltage (0 to 20 kHz): <20 V Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.05 dB Maximum Applied Voltage: 150 V Dimensions: 35 x 14 x 14 mm (Pigtail), 74 x 14 x 14 mm (NoTail™) Applications: Precision Phase Tuning or Phase Modulation in Fiber Interferometers, Sensor Systems, Fiber Laser Systems or Fiber Resonators

780-1550 nm; Total Phase Shift >65π; IL <0.5 dB; RL >50, >55, >58 dB; PDL <0.05, <0.1 dB; Residual Amplitude Modulation ±0.01 dB Coherent or interferometric sensor systems, such as distributed acoustic sensors (DAS), often require a low-loss, low-cost phase shifter or modulator to obtain the desired sensing signals. General Photonics’ FPS-002 is an all-fiber device that shifts or modulates phase shifts up to 75π at frequencies from DC to 20 kHz. The FPS-002 phase shifter requires a lower half-wave voltage than the FPS-001 phase shifter module: only 2 V compared to up to 20 V. Like the FPS-001, it is an all-fiber design and offers the benefits of low loss and back reflection. Two different size packages (small frame or large frame) are available to accommodate the bend diameter requirements of different fibers. Key Features: Low Insertion Loss (IL): <0.5 dB (at λc, Excluding Connectors) Low Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.05 dB (SM), <0.1 dB (PM) Return Loss (RL): >58 dB (Without Connectors), >55 dB (With APC Connectors), >50 dB (With PC Connectors) Low Residual Amplitude Modulation: ±0.01 dB at 1550 nm Total Phase Shift (@500 Hz, Vpp = 150 V): >65π (@ 1550 nm) Low Half-wave Voltage (@ 500 Hz): 2.5 to 4.5 V Typical (Small Frame), 0.7 to 1.5 V Typical (Large Frame) Operating Wavelength: 780, 1060, 1310, 1550 nm Fiber Type: ClearCurve ZBL, HI1060, 780 HP, PM, PM980XP Capacitance of Piezo: 0.18 µF Maximum Applied Voltage: 150 V Compact Size: 35 x 17 x 10 mm (Small Frame), 45 x 27 x 11 mm (Large Frame) Applications: Fiber Interferometers; Fiber Laser Systems; Fiber Sensor Systems

780-1550 nm; Total Phase Shift >55π; IL <0.5 dB; RL >55 dB; PDL <0.05 dB; Residual Amplitude Modulation ±0.01 dB General Photonics’ FPS-003 all-fiber phase shifter/modulator combines a wide modulation bandwidth (up to 60 kHz) with low half-wave voltages to create a long-range device that can be driven by standard function generators. Like General Photonics’ other phase shifters, it employs all fiber construction and has low insertion loss and back reflection. In addition to fiber sensor systems, this compact device is ideal for fiber laser systems, fiber resonators, and fiber interferometers for precision phase tuning or phase modulation. Key Features: Wide Frequency Range - Operating Wavelength: 780, 1060, 1310 or 1550 nm Low Half-wave Voltage Large Phase Shift Range Compact Size: 31 x 31 x 14.5 mm Low Insertion Loss (IL): <0.5 dB (at 1550 nm, Excluding Connectors) Return Loss (RL): >55 dB (Excluding Connectors) Low Residual Amplitude Modulation: ±0.01 dB (@ 1550 nm) Total Phase Shift (@500 Hz, Vpp = 150 V): >55π (@ 1550 nm) Fiber Type: ClearCurve ZBL, 780 HP, PM, Other Half-wave Voltage (Vπ @ 500 Hz): 1 to 3 V Typical Resonance Frequency: 36 to -39 kHz Typical Vπ at Resonance Frequency: <150 mV Typical Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.05 dB at 1550 nm Capacitance of Piezo: 5 to 12 nF Maximum Applied Voltage: 150 V Applications: Fiber Interferometers; Fiber Laser Systems; Fiber Sensor Systems

1260-1650 nm; Delay Range >3 mm; RL >65 dB; Fiber Type SMF-28, Other; IL <0.2 dB; PDL <0.05 dB General Photonics’ FST-001 is a piezo-driven fiber stretcher with an optical delay range of up to 3 mm. The device, including the piezo driver, is packaged in a metal enclosure. Each of the FST-001 fiber stretcher’s four piezos can be controlled independently, allowing high resolution or large stroke. Piezos can be controlled with an analog signal or a 12-bit TTL signal. Under analog control, the driving circuit acts as a 4-channel voltage amplifier with 30V/V amplification. Alternatively, the output voltage can be controlled by a computer equipped with a digital I/O card, or by a microprocessor. Key Features: Large Optical Path Delay Range: >3 mm (In Air) High Speed Low Insertion Loss (IL): <0.2 dB Analog and Digital Control Analog Input: 4 Channels, 4.7 V Maximum For Each Channel Digital Input: 20-pin Connector, 12-bit TTL Control Signal Operating Wavelength: 1260 to 1620 nm Maximum Optical Power: 1,000 mW Phase Change Sensitivity: 810 π/V Internal Voltage Amplification: 30 V/V Maximum Voltage on Piezo: 140 V Resonance Frequency: 2.2 ±0.3 kHz Return Loss (RL): >65 dB Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.05 dB Fiber Type: SMF-28, Other on Request Dimensions: 170 x 106 x 39 mm Applications: Sensors; Interferometers; Medical Imaging; Spectrum Analysis; OCT

840-1650 nm; Delay Range 0-1,120 ps; RL 50 dB; Fiber Type SMF-28, HI1060, HI780, PM Panda, PM 980 Panda; IL 1.0, 1.5 dB; PDL 0.1, 0.2 dB General Photonics’ MDL-002 family of motorized variable fiber optic optical delay lines allow optical path length adjustment of up to 560 ps in a single pass. Driven by a DC motor with an integrated encoder, the MDL-002 has a delay resolution of less than 0.3µm (1 fs). In addition, its advanced motion design guarantees longevity for long-term continuous operation. Low insertion loss and high reliability make this device ideal for integration in optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems, network equipment and test instruments for precision optical path length control or timing alignment. Three configurations of the MDL-002 fiber optic delay line series are available: Integrated unit for use as a bench-top instrument for laboratory applications Two-piece unit with the optical head and control unit separated for installation into customer equipment OEM version with a miniature controller board All three versions can be remote controlled by a PC or a micro-processor through an RS-232 interface. The delay line is available with either single mode (SM) or polarization maintaining (PM) fiber pigtails. Key Features: High Optical Delay Resolution: 0.3 µm / 1 fs, 0.6 µm / 2 fs Per Encoder Count Low Backlash Low Insertion Loss (IL): 1.0, 1.5 dB Typical Insertion Loss Variation: ±0.3, ±0.5, ±0.7 dB Over Entire High Delay-to-Length Ratio Optical Delay Range: 0 to 330, 0 to 560, 0 to 1,120 ps Operating Wavelength: 840 to 1650 nm Position Accuracy: ±3, ±6 µm Position Repeatability: ±3, ±6 µm Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): 0.1, 0.2 dB Maximum Return Loss (RL): 50 dB Extinction Ratio: >18 dB (For PM Model) Optical Power Damage Threshold: 300 mW Control Mode: Panel Keypad and RS-232 Interface Fiber Type: SMF-28, HI1060, HI780, PM Panda, PM 980 Panda Dimensions: 178 x 102 x 41, 229 x 112 x 41 mm (Integrated Unit), 65 x 65 x 21.5 mm (Mini Controller Board), 132/157 x 37 x 18 mm (Optical Head) Applications: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Systems; Scientific Instrument Control; Network Optical Path Length Control or Timing Alignment; Optical Fourier Spectrum Analysis; Optical Interferometry; Delay Generation and Measurement; Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM); Fiber Sensors

840-1650 nm; Delay Range 0-100, 0-200 ps; RL 55 dB; Fiber Type SMF-28, HI780, HI1060, PM Panda; IL 1 dB; PDL 0.15 dB General Photonics’ motorized variable optical delay line is the smallest delay line in the MDL series of products, with a total volume of less than 2 cubic inches. The MDL-003 provides low-cost, precision optical path length adjustment and delay scanning functionality. This addition to the MDL product line is specifically designed for OEM applications that require continuous scanning capability and a small footprint. The standard MDL-003 motorized variable optical delay line has a delay range of 100 ps; however an internal mirror can be installed to double pass the light, thereby doubling the delay range. The device uses a stepper motor and dual position sensors for precise control. A small controller board is available as an option. Key Features: High Resolution Low Backlash Low Insertion Loss (IL): 1 dB Insertion Loss Variation: ±0.3 dB Over Entire Range High Delay-to-Length Ratio Operating Wavelengths: 840, 1060, 1310, 1550 or 1260 to 1650 nm Optical Delay Range: 0 to 100 ps, Single-pass Optical Delay Resolution: 30 μm, Single-pass at Maximum Speed Optical Delay Accuracy: ±40 μm, Single-pass at Maximum Speed Optical Delay Repeatability: ±40 μm, Single-pass at Maximum Speed Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): 0.15 dB (SM Fiber) Return Loss (RL): 55 dB Extinction Ratio: >18 dB (PM Model) Actuation Speed: 50 ps/s (Single-pass) Maximum Optical Damage Power Threshold: 100 mW Fiber Type: SMF-28, HI780, HI1060, PM Panda Dimensions: 51 x 36 x 14 mm Applications: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Systems; Scientific Instrument Control; Network Optical Path Length Control or Timing Alignment

1260-1650 nm; IL 0.05 dB; PMD 0.05 ps; AL <0.01, <0.05 dB; RL >65 dB; Max. Rise & Fall Time 30 µs General Photonics’ MPC all fiber polarization controller module is packaged in a low-profile, 16 mm high enclosure, suitable for system integration and mounting on a PCB. The module’s low height is especially advantageous for integration in test equipment, fiber sensors, fiber lasers and optical network modules. Available with three (-3x) and four channels (-4x), the MPC polarization controller module features an all-fiber design with inherently low loss, minimal activation loss and minimal back reflection. A special athermal design leads to stable operation over a wide range of temperatures (-25 to +80 °C). Combined with General Photonics’ miniature piezo driver card, it can be controlled either by a digital or analog signal to obtain any desired polarization output from an arbitrary input polarization state. Key Features: OEM Packaging All-fiber Design Low Intrinsic Insertion Loss: 0.05 dB Low Back Reflection – Return Loss: >65 dB Fast Response – Maximum Rise and Fall Time: 30 µs Operating Wavelength Range: 1260 to 1650 nm Maximum Activation Loss (AL): 0.01, 0.05 dB Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD): 0.05 ps Compact Size – Dimensions: 65.5/83 x 20.3 x 16 mm Applications: Polarization Stabilization; Compensate PMD in Fiber Sensing Systems; Polarization Demultiplexing; Fiber Sensor; Fiber Laser; Testing Equipment

980-1620 nm; Multiple Polarization Control Modes; IL <0.6 dB; PDL <0.1 dB; PMD <0.2 ps; AL <0.1 dB; RL >50 dB Controlling the state of polarization (SOP) of an optical signal has never been easier – General Photonics’ MPC-201 multifunction polarization controller has four operational modes for complete polarization control: variable rate polarization scrambling, manual polarization adjustment, polarization modulation, and externally triggered random SOP generation. Four different polarization scrambling methods enable the SOP to a) trace out a spiral pattern about a static or rotating axis with a nearly uniform SOP variation rate for system stress tests (Tornado scrambling); b) generate a continuous trace with a Rayleigh distribution of SOP variation rate, for emulation of the SOP variation in a fiber link (Rayleigh scrambling); c) generate a continuous trace with uniform sphere coverage for PDL measurement (Triangle scrambling); or d) evenly cover the Poincaré sphere with discrete, random points at a uniform rate (Discrete scrambling). In the SOP modulation mode, each polarization control axis can be selectively controlled with a sine, square, or triangle wave of user defined frequency and amplitude. Each polarization control axis can also be controlled manually, by setting the input voltage either from the front panel controls or through a remote control interface. In externally triggered scrambling mode, discrete, random SOPs are generated in response to a trigger input, a feature desirable for recirculating loop applications or other applications requiring synchronization with other devices. Finally, the MPC-201 can emulate the Agilent 11896A polarization scrambler function, allowing it to act as a plug-in replacement for this popular but discontinued device, while offering many more advanced features. The MPC-201 polarization controller puts the user in control. Key Features: Multiple Polarization Control Modes Tornado Scrambling (Quasi-uniform Rate Distribution): 0.00 to 2,000 Revolutions/s Real Fiber SOP (State of Polarization) Variation Emulation (Rayleigh Rate Distribution): 0.00 to 2,000 rad/s Discrete Random States SOP Scrambling: 0.00 to 20,000 Points/s Triangle Polarization Scrambling: 0.00 to 2,000 x 2π rad/s Agilent 11896A Scrambling Emulation: Speed Settings 1 to 8, Matched to 11896A Settings SOP Modulation Operating Wavelength Range: 1260 to 1620 nm, 980 to 1310 nm Manual Polarization Control: 4 Channels, 0 to 4π Each Channel Low Insertion Loss (IL): <0.5 dB With Connectors Low Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.05 dB With Connectors Low Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD): <0.1 ps With Connectors Low Activation Loss (AL): <0.05 dB With Connectors Return Loss: >50 dB With Connectors Optical Power Handling: 1,000 mW Bright OLED Display Applications: Recirculating Loop Studies; Automated Testing; Real Fiber Emulation; SOP Variation Emulation; PMD Emulation; Polarization Scrambling; System Polarization Studies; PDL/DOP Measurement

980-1620 nm; SOP Change Rate >360 krad/s; IL <0.6 dB; PDL <0.1 dB; PMD <0.2 ps; AL <0.1 dB; RL >50 dB General Photonics’ MPC-202 advanced multifunction polarization controller is specially designed to meet the requirements of coherent receiver performance tests. MPC-202 combines General Photonics’ award winning PolaRite™ II/III polarization controller with proprietary polarization control algorithms to achieve a wide range of polarization control functionalities, including high-speed quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling, random-rate polarization scrambling with Rayleigh rate distribution, discrete-state polarization scrambling with high slew rate, sine, square, and triangle-wave SOP (state of polarization) modulation, and manual polarization control functions. In particular, the “Tornado” quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling function can achieve a high SOP scrambling rate of up to 60,000 revolutions/s (more than 360 krad/s) with a narrow rate distribution clustered around the highest rate. In short, the MPC-202 is an ideal tool for production or laboratory testing of polarization related functions and parameters, including passive/active component characterization, performance tests of fiber optic interferometers, sensor systems, RF photonics systems, etc. The quasi-uniform rate high-speed scrambling function is particularly useful for SOP tracking speed testing of coherent receivers, and the square wave SOP modulation function is ideal for SOP recovery time tests. Key Features: Quasi-uniform Rate SOP (State of Polarization) Scrambling SOP Change Rate: >360 krad/s Scrambling With Rayleigh Rate Distribution Discrete SOP Scrambling SOP Modulation Operating Wavelength Range: 1260 to 1620 nm, 980 to 1310 nm Tornado Polarization Scrambling: 0.00 to 60,000 Revolutions/s Mean Rayleigh Rate Distribution Polarization Scrambling: 0.00 to 2,000 rad/s Triangle Polarization Scrambling: 0.00 to 2,000 x 2π rad/s Discrete Random States Polarization Scrambling: 0.00 to 20,000 points/s Manual Polarization Control: 4 Channels, 0 to 4π Each Channel Low Insertion Loss (IL): <0.6 dB With Connectors Low Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.1 dB With Connectors Low Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD): <0.2 ps With Connectors Low Activation Loss (AL): <0.1 dB With Connectors Return Loss: >50 dB With Connectors Optical Power Handling: 1,000 mW Bright OLED Display Applications: Laboratory Testing of Polarization-related Parameters; Performance Tests of Fiber Optic Interferometers and Systems; SOP Tracking Speed Testing of Coherent Receivers

980-1620 nm; SOP Change Rate ≤11 Mrad/s; IL <0.6 dB; PDL <0.1 dB; PMD <0.2 ps; AL <0.1 dB; RL >50 dB General Photonics’ MPC-203 high-speed multifunction polarization controller is specially designed to meet the high SOP (state of polarization) scrambling requirements needed for stress testing a coherent receiver’s polarization tracking performance. MPC-203 combines General Photonics’ award winning PolaRite™ II/III polarization controller with proprietary polarization control algorithms to achieve a wide range of polarization control functionalities, including high-speed polarization scrambling with a maximum SOP change rate of up to 11 Mrad/s. Unlike other high-speed polarization scramblers found in the market, this all-fiber, pass-through design ensures low insertion loss (IL), polarization dependent loss (PDL), polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and activation loss (AL). Key Features: High-speed SOP (state of polarization) Scrambling SOP Change Rate up to 11 Mrad/s Scrambling With Rayleigh Rate Distribution Discrete SOP Scrambling SOP Modulation Operating Wavelength Range: 1260 to 1620 nm, 980 to 1310 nm Tornado Polarization Scrambling: 0 to 11 Mrad/s Mean Rayleigh Rate Distribution Polarization Scrambling: 0.00 to 2,000 rad/s Triangle Polarization Scrambling: 0.00 to 2,000 x 2π rad/s Discrete Random States Polarization Scrambling: 0.00 to 20,000 points/s Manual Polarization Control: 4 Channels, 0 to 4π Each Channel Low Insertion Loss (IL): <0.6 dB With Connectors Low Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.1 dB With Connectors Low Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD): <0.2 ps With Connectors Low Activation Loss (AL): <0.1 dB With Connectors Return Loss: >50 dB With Connectors Optical Power Handling: 1,000 mW Bright OLED Display Applications: SOP Response Test of Coherent Receivers; SOP Tracking Speed Test; PMD and PDL Related Tests; SOP Variation Emulation; Polarization Scrambling

1060, 1310, 1550 nm; Wavelength Range ±70 nm; FSR 10-100 GHz; Detector Responsivity >0.8 A/W; Connector Type FC/APC, FC/PC, Specify General Photonics’ MZI-001 is a fiber pigtailed Mach-Zehnder free space interferometer that detects changes in optical frequency. The device comes with two high-speed photodetectors for the balanced detection of the two complementary outputs of the interferometer. The free spectral range (FSR) or zero-cross spacing of the device is defined to within 1. The FSR is user-defined between 10 GHz and 100 GHz. The MZI-001 interferometer’s free-space optical design eliminates polarization sensitivity. Key Features: Accurate Free Spectral Range (FSR): 10 to 100 GHz, User Selectable FSR Tolerance: 2% Center Wavelength: 1060, 1310, 1550 nm Wavelength Range: ±70 nm Detector Responsivity: >0.8 A/W Detector Rise/Fall Time: 0.3 ns With 50 Ω Load Detector Capacitance: 0.7 pF Temperature Stable Polarization Insensitive Fine Optical Frequency Spacing Balanced Photodetectors Return Loss (RL): 55 dB Polarization Dependent Loss (DPL): <0.5 dB Input Fiber: SMF-28 or HI1060 Fiber With 900 µm Buffer Optical Connectors: FC/APC, FC/PC, Specify Compact Size: 53.6 x 28 x 9.4 mm Applications: Determining Instantaneous Wavelength of Swept Source; Clocking Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Platforms; Detecting Drift in Fiber Sensor Systems; Detecting Drift of Lasers in Coherent Detection Systems; Spectrum Analysis

1260-1620 nm; 8-40 Channels; PDL Measurement Range 0-20 dB; PDL Resolution 0.01 dB; IL Measurement Range 0-60 dB; IL Resolution 0.002 dB; Optical Power Range -60-8 dBm; Optical Power Accuracy ±0.5 dB General Photonics’ OCA-1000 is a multi-channel optical component analyzer that simultaneously measures insertion loss (IL), polarization dependent loss (PDL), and optical power (P) on multiple optical paths. The measurement is based on the Mueller Matrix method, which offers fast characterization of wavelength dependent optical parameters that are critical in today’s optical communication systems. The OCA-1000 base model can have up to eight channels. Custom 8- or 16-channel expansion units can be added to increase the system capacity to up to 40 channels. The instrument comes with a control program with built-in functions to display measured power, IL, and PDL vs. wavelength or to monitor the time variation of power/IL for all channels simultaneously to determine their stability. For AWG characterization, the data analysis software also calculates passband center wavelength, bandwidth, and flatness as well as inter-channel crosstalk (from adjacent and nonadjacent channels). The OCA-1000 optical component analyzer is an ideal solution for easy, accurate characterization of components and modules with multiple outputs, including DWDMs, ROADMs, AWGs and PLCs. It can be used with various tunable lasers , such as those from Keysight or Santec. This flexibility makes full use of existing laser resources and reduces the cost of making such measurements. Its rapid measurement reduces the time required to characterize devices with large numbers of ports, enabling higher production throughput. Key Features: Wide Wavelength Range: 1260 to 1360 nm (O-Band), 1480 to 1620 nm (C- & L-Bands) Number of Channels: 8 to 40 PDL Measurement Range: 0 to 20 dB High Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) Accuracy: ±(0.02 + 2% of PDL) dB @PDL<10dB, ±(0.02 + 5% of PDL) dB @10<PDL<20dB PDL Resolution: 0.01 dB Insertion Loss (IL) Measurement Range: 0 to 55 dB, 0 to 60 dB IL Resolution: 0.002 dB Optical Power Range: -60 to 8 dBm Optical Power Accuracy: ±0.5 dB High Channel-to-channel Uniformity User-friendly Control Software Integration Time of Power Meter: 0.5 to 1,000 ms Dimensions: 19”-Rack-Mountable Enclosure, 1 U, 305 mm Depth Applications: PDL or IL vs. Wavelength Measurement; IL or Power vs. Time Measurement; DWDM Component Passband Characterization: Center Frequency, BW, Ripple, Noise Floor; Fiber Optic Component Characterization; Network Component Characterization (e.g. DWDM, ROADM); Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLC); Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC)

1310, 1550 nm; Dynamic Range >80 dB; Scan Range 600 mm; Spatial Resolution 10-25 µm; RL Range 10-90 dB; Sweep Speed 20 mm/s General Photonics’ OCDR-1000 is an optical coherence domain reflectometer designed to obtain space-resolved reflection information inside a fiber optical component, such as a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), for diagnosing quality or design issues. It is based on a polarization optimized white light interferometer proprietary to General Photonics. The OCDR-1000 optical coherence domain reflectometer performs the functions of the discontinued Agilent 8504B Reflectometer – and more – but with better polarization management, spatial resolution and accuracy; larger scan range and dynamic range; and smaller size and weight. The OCR-1000 is a low-cost alternative to OFDR technology, with a much higher dynamic range that avoids the masking of small reflection peaks by the large reflections typical of the input surface of an optical device. The OCDR-1000 optical coherence domain reflectometer can measure devices with a length of up to 600 mm. A set of length-matching delay modules is available to match the pigtail lengths of the devices to be measured and place the measurement span in the region of interest. With a reflection dynamic range of over 80 dB and a spatial resolution down to 10 µm, this instrument helps engineers and researchers see the inside of an optical device to precisely identify defects and their locations. Key Features: Dynamic Range: >80 dB Scan Range: 600 mm (400 mm in Fiber) Spatial Resolution: 10 to 25 μm Operating Wavelengths: 1310, 1550 nm, Others on Request Return Loss (RL) Range: 10 to 90 dB Sweep Speed: 20 mm/s Compact & Lightweight Built-in Light Source Average Light Source Power: >-3 dBm Performs Functions of Discontinued Agilent 8504B Reflectometer - and More Dimensions: 89 x 356 x 356 mm Applications: Optical Characterization of Photonic Integrated Circuits, Fiber Optic Components; Accurate Measurement of Return Loss, Distributed Reflectivity

Polarization Diverse Photodetector; 1310, 1550 nm; Aluminium Enclosure; Signal Conversion Gain >30 V/mW; RF Bandwidth 0-210 MHz; Transimpedance Gain 3x104 V/A OCT and sensor systems require high-performance balanced photodetectors to increase system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Polarization-sensitive OCT and similar applications require separate analysis of the two polarization components of a signal. General Photonics’ PBPD-001 polarization diverse balanced photodetector module is specially designed for use in such systems and adds polarization sensitivity to the balanced photodetector circuitry of the BPD-002 or BPD-003 balanced photodetector modules. The PBPD-001 polarization diverse balanced photodetector is fully enclosed in a compact, sturdy aluminium box with two optical input ports, a balanced RF output port and two monitor ports for each polarization component and a 12 VDC power supply port. With a bandwidth up to 200 MHz, a transimpedance gain larger than 30K and a saturation power larger than 130 μW, the PBPD-001 polarization diverse balanced photodetector is ideal for integration into laboratory or commercial OCT, fiber sensor, and high performance optical measurement systems with polarization dependent detection requirements. Key Features: Low Noise High Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR): >25 dB High Signal Conversion Gain: >30 V/mW (Interference Signal) Wide RF Output Bandwidth (3dB): DC to 210 MHz Wavelength Range: 1310 or 1550 nm ±50 nm Compact Size: 100 x 80 27 mm Polarization Crosstalk: <25 dB Transimpedance Gain: 3×104 V/A CW Balanced Saturation Power (At Input): >150 μW Common Mode Rejection Ratio: >25 dB RF Output Voltage Range (at 50 Ω): ±1.75 V Applications: Polarization Sensitive OCT Systems; Polarization Resolved Sensing; Fiber Optic Distributed Sensing; Instrumentation; Research and Development

980-1660 nm; IL <0.05, <0.6 dB; PDL <0.05 dB; PMD <0.05 ps; Residual Amplitude Modulation <±0.01 dB; Residual Phase Modulation <0.1π; RL >65 dB General Photonics’ PCD-005 polarization scrambler is an all-fiber design module that randomizes polarization states. This module is designed to be easily plugged into sensor equipment or measurement instruments with minimal development effort. The digital control circuitry delivers uniform SOP distribution over a wide operation temperature range, making it a good choice for sensor field applications. The PCD-005 polarization scrambler module can be remote controlled via RS-232 to set the operation wavelength or enable/disable the scrambling operation. The PCD-005 delivers superior performance with extremely low insertion loss, back reflection, and residual phase and amplitude modulation. Key Features: Minimal Insertion Loss (IL): <0.05 dB Without Connectors, <0.6 dB With Connectors Minimal Back Reflection: Low Residual Phase Modulation: <0.1π Low Residual Amplitude Modulation: <±0.01 dB RS-232 Control Option Remote Operation Wavelength Control Center Operating Wavelengths: 980 to 1660 nm Operating Wavelength Range: >100 nm Output Degree of Polarization (DOP): <5% Average Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD): <0.05 ps Intrinsic Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.05 dB Return Loss: >65 dB Without Connectors Optical Power Handling: >1,000 mW Board Dimensions: 220 x 100 x 30 mm Applications: Eliminate Polarization Sensitivity; Add Optional Capability to Sensor Systems

980-1600 nm; Residual Phase Modulation <0.1 π; Residual Amplitude Modulation <±0.01 dB; PMD <0.05 ps; PDL <0.05 dB; IL <0.05, <0.6 dB; RL >65 dB General Photonics’ PCD-104 polarization scrambler uses a breakthrough patented all-fiber technology to effectively randomize polarization states. Specifications include low insertion loss and low back reflection as well as minimal phase and amplitude modulation. The instrument can be used in automatic test systems under remote control through digital interface options. Depolarizing by polarization scrambling has many important applications. Scrambling the input polarization can eliminate measurement uncertainties caused by the polarization sensitivity of the testing device. Performance degradation due to polarization dependent gain (PDG) induced in optical amplifiers can also be suppressed by polarization scrambling. In addition, polarization scrambling can be used in systems to facilitate and simplify PMD monitoring. The PCD-104 polarization scrambler delivers superior performance, including extremely low insertion loss, back reflection, and residual phase and amplitude modulation. Key Features: Minimal Insertion Loss (IL): <0.05 dB Without Connectors, <0.6 dB With Connectors Minimal Back Reflection Optical Return Loss (RL): >65 dB Without Connectors Low Residual Phase Modulation: <0.1 π Low Residual Amplitude Modulation: <±0.01 dB Remote Operation Wavelength Control Built-in RS-232, GPIB and Ethernet Ports Center Operating Wavelength: λ Range 1 1310, 1480, 1550, 1600 nm, λ Range 2 980, 1060, 1310 nm Operating Wavelength Range: >100 nm Output Degree of Polarization: <5% Average Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD): <0.05 ps Intrinsic Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.05 dB Optical Power Handling: >1,000 mW Applications: PDG Mitigation; Elimination of Polarization Sensitivity; Facilitating PMD Emulation; Facilitating PMD Compensation; Enables PDL Measurement

980-1650 nm; 3, 4 Channels; Polarization Control Range 0-4π Each Channel; IL <0.05, <0.6 dB; PDL <0.05 dB; PMD <0.05 ps; AL <0.01, <0.05 dB; RL >65 dB General Photonics’ PCD-M02 polarization controller module integrates an all-fiber dynamic polarization controller with a miniature piezo driver card, so that the SOP of the signal can be directly controlled either by a 0 to 5 V analog control signal or a 12-bit TTL digital control signal. The 3- or 4-channel polarization controller module features an on-board high voltage DC/DC converter, so no external high voltage power supply is required. The card can be configured to accept either a ±12 VDC power supply or an optional external 160 V power supply. As a polarization controller, the PCD-M02 can convert any input polarization state to any desired output polarization state. As a scrambler, it can randomize the output polarization state. This module offers the low insertion loss, low back reflection, and low activation loss needed for test and measurement applications, combined with the compact size needed for system integration or handheld devices. Key Features: Minimal Insertion Loss (IL): <0.05 dB Without Connectors, <0.6 dB With Connectors Minimal Activation Loss (AL): 0.01 dB, 0.05 dB Fast Response Digital and Analog Control Compact Size Operating Wavelength Range: 1260 to 1650 nm, 980 to 1310 nm Polarization Control Range: 3 or 4 Channels, 0 to 4π Each Channel Low Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL): <0.05 dB Low Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD): <0.05 ps Return Loss: >65 dB Optical Power Handling: 1,000 mW Board Dimensions: 100 x 100 x 17.5 mm Applications: Polarization Control; Polarization Scrambling; PDL Measurement; PMD Compensation/Emulation; Fiber Sensor