Spectralon® Diffuse Reflectance Targets

Near Lambertian; 350-1000 nm; Grey Scale Level 5-94%; Uniformity ±1%, ±1.5%, ±2%; Target Size 0.5x0.5-1.2x2.4 mLabsphere’s Permaflect® large-area, grey and white, reference diffuse reflectance targets are ideal for accurately assessing short-range and long-range sensitivity over the dynamic range of LiDAR systems.For imaging applications your grey target solution must work for a wide variety of lighting environments and still maintain its appearance. Most importantly it has to have uniform spectral response. It also must be thermally and physically durable, UV light stable, thermally color stable, no gloss, no polarization and no fluorescence.If your grey target solutions do not meet these requirements, you need Permaflect diffuse reflectance targets. Permaflect targets are available for individual purchase in three sizes: 0.5 x 0.5, 1.0 x 1.0, 1.5 x 1.5 or 1.2 x 2.4 m, unframed and with or without mounting. Available reflectance factors are 5%, 10%, 18%, 50%, 80% and 94%.Permaflect diffuse reflectance targets are also available in Labsphere's LiDAR Test Target Kits, including three reflectance levels; 10%, 50% and 80%, a robust case that holds all three Permaflect targets for storage and transport, and spectral reflectance and uniformity test reports. The kits come in a choice of three target sizes; 0.5 x 0.5, 1.0 x 1.0 and 1.5 x 1.5 m.Key Features:Lightweight: 1.5 kg (0.5 x 0.5 m) to 18 kg (1.2 x 2.4 m)TailorableTargets Sizes: 0.5 x 0.5, 1.0 x 1.0, 1.5 x 1.5, 1.2 x 2.4 mTarget Sizes Are Ideal for the Operating DistanceReflectance Levels in NIR Laser Wavelength 905 to 940 and 1550 nmGrey Scale Levels: 5%, 10%, 18%, 50%, 80%, 94%Variance From Average: ±1%, ±1.5%, +3%/-0%Uniform Reflectance Over the Entire Reflecting Surface – Uniformity: ±1%, ±1.5%, ±2%Typical Flatness: 0% to 8% Peak-to-Peak From 350 to 950 nmNear Lambertian Diffuse Reflectance Factor for Incident Angle IndependenceDurable and Robust for Production and Field UseEasy to CleanLiDAR Test Kit Accommodates Mounting of the Frameless TargetsApplications: LiDAR; Time of Flight; Ground Truth; Imager Calibration; Sensor/Source Compensation; Remote Sensing; Coatings & Materials; Airborne Calibration; Automotive Sensor Calibration; Spectral Radiance; Spectroradiometer Calibration; Reflectance FactorPlease note that Labsphere products are available from us only in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Italy, Norway, and Sweden.

Wavelength 1550nm, coating outer diameter 245µm ± 15.PANDA high performance polarisation maintaining  specialty optical fiber. Key optical specifications Wavelength (nm)  1550 Mode-field Diameter (μm)  10.5 ± 0.5 Beat Length Range (mm) 3.0-5.0 Maximum Cross Talk at 100 m (dB)  -30 Typical Cross Talk at 4 m (dB)  -40  Cutoff Wavelength (nm)  1300-1440 Maximum Attenuation (dB/km) 0.5             Key geometric, mechanical and environmental specifications (-U25D) UV/UV Acrylate Core-to-Cladding Offset (μm) ≤ 0.5 Coating Outer Diameter (μm)  245 ± 15 Cladding Outer Diameter (μm)  125 ± 1 Standard Lengths*  100 m, 200 m, 300 m, 400 m, 500 m, 1 km Proof Test (kpsi) 100 (200 optional) Operating Temperature (°C)  -40 to 85         * For longer lengths contact us

Flat, Bent, Finned or Embedded; Thermal Conductivity 5,000-200,000 W/m•K; Heat Transfer Over Relatively Long Distances; Long Life; No Maintenance Noren’s unique technology and design process allow to create customized heat pipe systems with intricate bends, angles and flatness. Long life and no maintenance are added benefits of Noren’s heat pipe designs and assemblies Heat pipes can be implemented for a wide variety of applications and can be designed in any combination of bends, planes, angles and dimensions. Whether flat, bent, finned or embedded, Noren’s custom heat pipes and heat sinks are designed to optimize the thermal management capabilities of virtually any application. Heat pipes are the most common passive, capillary-driven of the two-phase systems. Two-phase heat transfer involves the liquid-vapor phase change (boiling/evaporation and condensation) of a working fluid. As the heat pipe technology industry leader, Noren products has specialized in the design and development and manufacturing of passive, two-phase heat transfer devices since 1968. Heat pipes have an extremely effective high thermal conductivity. While solid conductors such as aluminium, copper, graphite and diamond have thermal conductivities ranging from 250 W/m•K to 1,500 W/m•K, heat pipes have effective thermal conductivities that range from 5,000 W/m•K to 200,000 W/m•K. Heat pipes transfer heat from the heat source (evaporator) to the heat sink (condenser) over relatively long distances through the latent heat of vaporization of a working fluid. Heat pipes typically have 3 sections: an evaporator section (heat input/source), adiabatic (or transport) section and a condenser section (heat output/sink). To better solve your thermal removal requirements, Noren’s heat pipes offer the unique ability to achieve different bends, planes and dimensions within designs. Noren is able to create solutions with multiple angles and planes, all while maintaining the heat transfer needed for your custom application. Standard Bend Radiuses for Heat Pipes:   Round Bent Pipe Center-line Bending Radius [mm Round Bent-Flattened Pipe Center-line Bending Radius [mm] Flattened-Bent Pipe Inside Bending Radius [mm] Tube Diameter [mm] Standard Minimum Standard Minimum Standard Minimum Ø 3,18 9,53 4,78 9,53 4,78 6,35 3,18 Ø 4,75 11,13 5,54 11,13 5,54 6,35 3,18 Ø 6,35 14,30 9,53 14,30 9,53 9,53 4,75 Ø 7,92 17,48 13,49 17,48 13,49 9,53 4,75 Ø 9,53 23,83 14,27 23,83 14,27 12,70 6,35 Ø 12,70 38,10 22,23 38,10 22,23 19,05 9,53 Ø 15,88 38,10 30,18 38,10 30,18 25,40 12,70 Noren also offers and delivers custom bending solutions. Noren’s experienced engineers and production team consistently produce exceptional heat transfer in various configurations. Get in touch with the AMS Technologies thermal management experts today to discuss your customized heat pipe solution tailored to your project’s challenges. Key Features: Any Combination of Bends, Planes, Angles and Dimensions Flat, Bent, Finned or Embedded Extremely High Thermal Conductivity: 5,000 to 200,000 W/m•K Heat Transfer From Heat Source to Heat Sink Over Relatively Long Distances Long Life No Maintenance Flat, Bent, Finned or Embedded Applications: Optimize the Thermal Management Capabilities of Virtually Any Application

Active Area Diameter 0.18 mm; Max. Dark Count Rate 25-2,500 c/s; Photon Detection Efficiency 60%-75%; Max. Count Rate 40 M c/s; Dead Time 22, 50 ns; Pulse Width 10, 30 nsExcelitas’ SPCM single photon counting modules are self-contained modules that meet the low-light-level detection demands of confocal microscopy, fluorescence, luminescence, and TCSPC, particle sizing and quantum communications.SPCM modules use a unique silicon avalanche photodiode (SLiK) with a 180 µm diameter circular active area, achieving peak photon detection efficiency greater than 65% to even 75% (depending on model) with unmatched uniformity over the full active area.The photodiode is both thermoelectrically cooled and temperature controlled, ensuring stabilized performance despite ambient temperature changes. Operating temperature range has been increased and the module will function with case temperatures between +5 ˚C and +70 ˚C.SPCM single photon counting modules are ideal for laboratory and OEM use and offer market-leading photon detection efficiency (PDE), low after-pulsing, high linear dynamic range, and low dark counts.Excelitas' newly enhanced SPCM-AQRH single photon counting module detects single photons over the wavelength range of 400 nm to 1064 nm with performance parameters superior to other solid state or vacuum-tube based photon counters.The SPCM-AQRH achieves >70% peak photon detection efficiency at 650 nm. A TTL-level pulse is generated for each photon detected and the signal is available at the BNC connector at the rear of the module. The module comes as standard with a free-space window to the APD, with FC fiber adapter, C-mount or tube cage mount bracket/adapter options.Recent electronic circuit enhancements have reduced the minimum dead time to less than 25 ns, thereby increasing linearity and improving the dynamic range of the module. Timing resolution of the module was also improved significantly. The SPCM-AQRH has internal protection circuitry that protects the avalanche photodiode and the module electronics from damage due to accidental overload from exposure to ambient lighting.The Excelitas SPCM-AQRH-WX-TR is a single photon counting module of the latest product generation, specifically selected and performance-optimized for timing resolution. This family of –TR modules is designed to support applications in time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), fluorescence lifetime measurements and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).The SPCM-AQRH-WX-TR uses a specially selected SLiK silicon avalanche photodiode with timing resolution better than 250 ps while maintaining peak photon detection efficiency (PDE) of more than 75% at 650 nm over a 180 µm diameter active area. While some performance parameters, in particular afterpulse probability, are traded off against the optimized timing performance, other performance parameters of the standard SPCM-AQRH, such as outstanding uniformity, overload protection, temperature stability and linearity, are still maintained by this timing-optimized module.The Excelitas SPCM-NIR is a single photon counting module specifically selected and performance-optimized for the near infrared wavelength spectrum. This NIR spectrum enhanced device is designed to support long range LiDAR, quantum communication and microscopy, as well as many other applications.The SPCM-NIR uses a specially selected SLiK silicon avalanche photodiode with peak single photon detection efficiency typically better than 73%. This module achieves enhanced red and NIR sensitivity while maintaining such other performance parameters of the standard SPCM-AQRH, such as outstanding uniformity, overload protection, temperature stability and linearity.The SPCM-AQ4C is a four-channel photon counting module capable of detecting single photons of light over the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1060 nm. Each channel is independent from the others.The SPCM-AQ4C uses a unique silicon avalanche photodiode (SLiK) with a peak photon detection efficiency exceeding 60% at 650 nm and an improved circuit with a peak count rate >4M c/s for short bursts of time on all four channels and a count rate of 1.5 M c/s for continuous operation. There is a "dead time" of 50 ns between pulses.The module requires +2 V, +5 V, and +30 V power supplies. The output of each channel – a TTL pulse that is 4.5 V high (into a 50 Ω load) and 25 ns wide – is available at the card edge behind the circuit board. Each TTL pulse corresponds to a detected photon. All input and output signals are available at the card connector.Applications: Particle Sizing & Characterization; Confocal Microscopy; Photon Correlation Spectroscopy; Quantum Cryptography; Astronomical Observation; Optical Range Finding; Adaptive Optics; Ultra-sensitive Fluorescence; Flow Cytometry; Wind LiDAR Part Number Photo Sensitive Diameter Maximum Dark Count Rate Photon Detection Efficiency @ 650 nm Max. Count Rate before Saturation Dead Time Pulse Width Downloads SPCM-AQRH-10 0.18 mm 1500 c/s 65% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-AQRH-11 0.18 mm 1000 c/s 65% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-AQRH-12 0.18 mm 500 c/s 65% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-AQRH-13 0.18 mm 250 c/s 65% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-AQRH-14 0.18 mm 100 c/s 65% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-AQRH-15 0.18 mm 50 c/s 65% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-AQRH-16 0.18 mm 25 c/s 65% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-AQRH-XX-TR 0.18 mm 100-1500 c/s 65% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-NIR-XX 0.18 mm 100-1500 c/s 75% 40M c/s 22 ns 10 ns Datasheet SPCM-AQ4C fibered 500 c/s 60% >2M/channel c/s 50 ns 30 ns Datasheet C30902SH-TC 0.475 mm 2500 c/s >5% - - - - C30902SH-DTC 0.475 mm 350 c/s >5% - - - - Please note that Excelitas products are available from us only in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. 

Max. Temperature +1,600 °C; Voltage 15 to 19 VAC; Current 5,8 to 7 A; Length 19, 22 mm; Width x Height 20 x 25 mm; Internal Diameter of Heat Core 2 mmNTT Advanced Technology Corporation’s CMH series of ceramic micro heaters provides temperatures of up to +1,600 °C in a very small, cylindrical volume. Powered by AC current with a power of approximately 100 W, a tubular ceramic micro-heating element with an internal diameter of 2 mm generates these high temperatures over a length of 19 (CMH-7019) or 22 mm (CMH-7022).In order to focus the heating energy in this small volume and to minimize the losses to the environment, the actual heating element is enclosed in a very high heat resistant ceramic material. An approx. 1 mm wide gap in this material on one side makes the laterally open, tubular heating element accessible from the outside.The main application of ceramic micro heaters is the processing of optical fibers, which can be inserted into the ceramic micro heater through the lateral gap. Tapering of optical fibers, for example, involves heating a small area of the fiber to a high temperature while the fiber is gently stretched as evenly as possible. This procedure reduces the diameter of fiber and core in the heated area, resulting in a tapered fiber. Another application of ceramic micro heaters is the production of fiber couplers.Key Features:Ideal for Heating-up Optical FibersIdeal for Manufacturing of Tapered Optical Fibers or Optical Fiber CouplersOperated by Electric CurrentTemperatures of up to +1,600 °C Can Be GeneratedPrecise Temperature ControlHeating Element Inner Diameter: 2 mmTwo Lengths Available: 19 mm (CMH-7019) and 22 mm (CMH-7022)Width: 25 mm, Height: 20 mmApplications: Heating-up Optical Fibers; Manufacturing of Tapered Optical Fibers; Manufacturing of Optical Fiber Couplers