Germanium-doped High Non-linear Optical Fibers

Cut off Wavelength 980, 1350 nm; Numerical Aperture 0.09 to 0.27; Core Dia. 3.5 to 14 µm; Cladding Dia. 125 µm; Background Loss <10 to <30 dB/km FORC-Photonics’ series of Bismuth-doped single mode (SM) optical fibers feature core diameters of 5.6 and 6.5 µm. The Bismuth-Phosphorus co-doped fiber BPDF-SM-6/125-1320 is specially designed for amplifiers, lasers or superfluorescent fiber sources operating at 1270 to 1370 nm, while the Bismuth-Germanium co-doped fiber BGDF-SM-7/125-1430 series is specially designed for amplifiers, lasers or superfluorescent fiber sources operating at 1370 to 1490nm. Key Features: Bismuth-doped Fibers Phosphorus or Germanium Co-doped Core Diameter: 5.6, 6.5 µm Core Absorption: 0.3, 0.5 dB/m Cladding Diameter: 125 µm Cut off Wavelength: 1050, 1100 nm Core Numerical Aperture: 0.14 Typ. Peak Gain: >0.2 dB/m Applications: Amplifiers; Lasers; Superfluorescent Fiber Sources

Cut off Wavelength ≤980, ≤1300, ≤1400 nm; Numerical Aperture 0.22, 0.23; Mode Field Diameter 3.5 to 5.6 µm; Attenuation ≤15.0; Cladding/Coating Dia. 80, 125 µm/165, 245 µm; Dual Acrylate Coating Manufactured with Corning’s patented outside vapor deposition (OVD) process, Corning® ER series of Erbium-doped specialty fibers set the worldwide standard for uniformity and reliability. Corning offers erbium-doped fibers with hermetic coatings for significant advantage with respect to mechanical reliability and resistance to hydrogen-induced optical attenuation degradation. These erbium-doped fibers have a proven track record in state-of-the-art optical amplifiers and exhibit consistently low splice loss when coupled with fibers such as Corning® HI 1060 FLEX, Corning® HI 980, and Corning SMF-28e+® optical fiber. Erbium-doped fiber designs are available for conventional C-band, L-band, and reduced-clad (80 μm) applications. Corning’s range of Erbium-doped fibers includes product series like ER 1550C3, ER 1550C3 LC, ER 1600L3 and RC ER 1550C3. For more information please refer to the Corning® ER Erbium-doped specialty optical fibers datasheet. In typical high-performance amplifiers built with Corning’s Erbium-doped fiber, gain consistency is maximized due to spectral uniformity of the fiber, eliminating the need for frequent adjustments to gain flattening filter design. Variations in gain spectrum and pump power requirements are greatly reduced, which makes for a more predictable amplifier manufacturing process and translates directly to lower costs for customers. Key Features: Outstanding Consistency and Uniformity Patented Outside Vapor Deposition (OVD) Process OVD Manufacturing Consistency Provides Repeatability for Gain Spectrum Allowing for the Reduction of Lot Qualifications in Amplifier Deployment Hermetic Coating for Increased Environmental Stability and Reliability Dual Acrylate Coating System Provides Excellent Protection and Superior Mechanical Robustness Short and Long Cutoff Wavelength C-band Versions Available Excellent Geometry Control Mode-field Diameter Designed to Match Corning® High Index Specialty Fiber Efficient Coupling With an EDFA Applications: Single and Multi-channel Optical Amplifiers; Digital and Analog Systems; Community Antenna Television (CATV) Amplifier

Cut off Wavelength 980, 1350 nm; Numerical Aperture 0.09 to 0.27; Core Dia. 3.5 to 14 µm; Cladding Dia. 125 µm; Background Loss <10 to <30 dB/km FORC-Photonics’ series of Erbium-doped single mode (SM) optical fibers feature core diameters from 3.5 to 14 µm. The EDF-4/125-10 fiber is specially designed to achieve the highest efficiency of telecommunication amplifiers, while the Erbium-doped fiber EDF-4/125-25 is designed to minimize the amplifier length without degradation of the pump-to-signal conversion efficiency. FORC-Photonics’ Erbium-doped fiber EDF-4/125-50 is designed for amplification of ultra-short pulses, when high efficiency, a short amplifier length and a high negative dispersion (-30 to -50 ps/nm/km) are required, while the EDF-14/125-35 Erbium-doped fiber is designed for low-nonlinearity and high pulse energy amplifiers. Key Features: Erbium-doped Fibers Core Diameter: 3.5 to 14 µm Core Absorption: 6 to 50 dB/m Cladding Diameter: 125 µm Cut off Wavelength: 980, 1350 nm Core Numerical Aperture: 0.09 to 0.27 Background Loss: <10 to <30 dB/km Applications: High Efficiency Telecommunication Amplifiers; Amplification of Ultra-short Pulses; Low-nonlinearity, High Pulse Energy Amplifiers

Cut off Wavelength 700, 1400 nm; Core Dia. 2.2, 8x7 µm; Cladding Dia. 125 µm; GeO2 Concentration 75, 98% FORC-Photonics’ GDF series of Germanate glass core optical fibers is available for single mode (SM) or multi mode (MM) applications. GDF series fibers feature core diameters of 2.2 µm (round, GDF-SM-2.2/125-75) and 8x7 µm (elliptical, GDF-MM-8/125-98). The GDF-SM-2.2/125-75 single mode version is a higly Ge-doped silica Germanate glass core fiber used for a variety of nonlinear applications. The GDF-MM-8/125-98 multi mode version is a Germanate glass core fiber, also used for a variety of nonlinear applications. Key Features: Germanium-doped Fibers Germanate Glass Core, GeO2 Concentration: 75, 98% Core Diameter: 2.2 µm, 8x7 µm (elliptical) Cladding Diameter: 125 µm Coating Diameter (GDF-MM-8/125-98): 250 µm Cut off Wavelength: 700, 1400 nm Minimum Loss (GDF-SM-2.2/125-75): 20 dB/km Attenuation (GDF-MM-8/125-98): 110, 200 dB/km Typ. Peak Gain: >0.2 dB/m

Cut off Wavelength 900 nm; Numerical Aperture 0.17, 0.18; Core Dia. 5 µm; Cladding Dia. 125 µm; Raman Gain >5.0, >5.8 dB/km*W FORC-Photonics’ PDF-5/125 series of Phosphorus-doped single mode (SM) optical fibers is specially designed for highly efficient Raman lasers and amplifiers operating in the 1100 to 1600 nm spectral range. The main advantage of phosphorus-doped fiber is a three times higher value of the Raman shift as compared to germanium-doped fibers. This feature allows to strongly simplify the Raman fiber laser and amplifier design. For example, to construct a high-power laser @ 1480 nm required for pumping Er-doped fibers, only two cascades of Raman wavelength transformation are necessary, whereas six cascades are necessary in the case of Ge-doped fibers. FORC-Photonics’ PDF-5/125PM series of Phosphorus-doped polarization maintaining (PM) optical fibers is specially designed with the ability to maintain polarization. Key Features: Phosphorus-doped Fibers Core Diameter: 5 µm Cladding Diameter: 125 µm Cut off Wavelength: 900 nm Core Numerical Aperture: 0.17, 0.18 (PDF-5/125PM) Raman Gain: >5.0, >5.8 (PDF-5/125-P) dB/km*W Optical Loss: <1 to <20 dB/km Applications: Highly Efficient Raman Lasers and Amplifiers

Numerical Aperture 0.09; Core Dia. 20 µm; Cladding Dia. 127 µm; Gray Loss <20 dB/km; Polarization Extinction Ratio >20 dB FORC-Photonics’ SBS-DC series of SBS-suppressed optical fibers feature a suppressed stimulated Brillouin scattering gain. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is the major factor limiting maximal power of narrow-band fiber lasers (less than 100 MHz linewidth). It is especially crucial in applications which require small mode field diameter (MFD), i.e. Raman amplifiers. Suppression of SBS gain, while maintaining MFD (and Raman gain) becomes a very important task in such fibers. Another promising application of single-frequency lasers is LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). In the case of all-fiber systems, it is the passive fibers at the amplifier output (pigtails of isolators, circulators, collimators) that limit the maximum achievable peak power. Thus, development of large mode area (LMA) passive fibers with increased SBS threshold (as compared to standard LMA fibers) is more and more critical for those applications. To suppress SBS gain for a fixed MFD, FORC-Photonics uses a specially designed multi-layer, multi-components doped core. It allows to suppress SBS gain by 3 to 5 dB relative to standard, uniformly doped Ge-doped passive fibers with the same MFD. The developed method allows FORC-Photonics to design custom dopants distribution over the core to suppress SBS by 3 to 5 dB for most of the actual optical refractive index profiles (any core numerical aperture and diameter). The SBS-DC-20/125-1550PM polarization maintaining (PM) fiber has been specially designed to be used in pigtails of output components (isolators, collimators, pump-and-signal combiners etc.) of high peak-power single-frequency lasers operated near 1550 nm. The fiber is intended for utilization in systems with the ability to maintain polarization. Fibers with suppressed SBS-gain for a custom designed operating wavelength, core numerical aperture (NA) and diameter are available on request. Please contact AMS Technologies to discuss your customized SBS-suppressed optical fiber solution. Key Features: Suppressed Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) Gain Core Diameter: 20 µm Cladding Diameter: 127 µm Core Numerical Aperture: 0.09 Gray Loss: <20 dB/km Polarization Extinction Ratio (After 2 m): >20 dB Applications: Narrow-band Fiber Lasers; Raman Amplifiers; Pigtails of Output Components (Isolators, Collimators, Pump-and-signal Combiners etc.) of High Peak-power Single-frequency Lasers

Cut off Wavelength 1900 nm; Core Dia. 10 µm; Cladding Dia. 125 µm; Core Absorption >60 dB/m FORC-Photonics’ TDF-SM-10/125 Thulium-doped single mode (SM) optical fiber is specially designed for highly efficient core pumping at 1550 to 1600 nm. Key Features: Thulium-doped Fiber Core Diameter: 10 µm Core Absorption: >60 dB/m Cladding Diameter: 125 µm Cut off Wavelength: 1900 nm Application: Highly Efficient Core Pumping at 1550 to 1600 nm

Cut off Wavelength 2600 nm; Numerical Aperture Clad 0.44; Core Dia. 11.5 µm; Cladding Dia. 125 µm FORC-Photonics’ TYDF-DC-10/125 Thulium-Ytterbium co-doped optical fiber is specially designed for highly efficient pumping with multi mode (MM) pump sources at 915/975 nm. Pumping with conventional sources near 790 nm is also possible, as well as core pumping with EDFL operating at 1550 to 1600nm. Key Features: Thulium-Ytterbium Co-doped Fiber Core Diameter: 11.5 µm Clad Absorption: >3.5, >5 dB/m Cladding Diameter: 125 µm Cut off Wavelength: 2600 nm Clad Numerical Aperture: 0.44 Application: Highly Efficient Pumping With Multi Mode (MM) Pump Sources at 915/075 nm

Cut off Wavelength 800 to 1030 nm; Numerical Aperture 0.09 to >0.46; Core Dia. 5.5 to 10.0 µm; Cladding Dia. 90 to 400 µm FORC-Photonics’ series of photodarkening-free Yb-doped specialty optical fibers includes single mode (SM) and polarization maintaining (PM) fibers as well as variants with double cladding, large mode areas or tapered fibers. The YDF-SM-6/125 series of single mode Ytterbium-doped fiber is designed for operation without power degradation in core-pumped laser and amplifier schemes, while the YDF-DC-6/125 series of single mode Ytterbium-doped double clad fiber is specially designed for highly efficient high-reliability CW lasers operating in the 1030 to 1080 nm spectral range. Flat absorption in the range of 910 to 965 nm and specially designed polymer coating allow the usage of lasers based on such fibers in an extra wide temperature range (-60 to +60 °C). The YDF-DC-10/125 series of single mode Ytterbium-doped double clad fiber is designed for operation without any power degradation in high-peak-power cladding-pumped amplifiers. The highest clad absorption in the market allows usage of only 3 m of such fiber (with 976 nm pump) for efficient amplification. For all three fiber series (YDF-SM-6/125, YDF-DC-6/125, YDF-DC-10/125), variants with custom parameters including PM versions are available on request. FORC-Photonics’ YDF-DC-40/400-PM-TPR series of Ytterbium-doped tapered fibers is designed for operation without any power degradation in extremely high-peak-power cladding-pumped amplifiers. The tapered fiber design has a single mode end (typical dimension is 8/80 μm) for signal input and a very large mode area (LMA) end (typical dimension is 40/400 μm) for signal output and pump input. The YDF-DC-40/400-PM-TPR series’ all-glass, double-clad fiber design (based on highly F-doped second cladding with typical NA = 0.26) allows simple polishing of the thick 400 μm fiber end. Due to a high Yb concentration and a short tapered fiber length, amplifiers based on this fiber have the highest threshold of nonlinear effects on the market (up to 0.5 MW) together with very high, diffraction-limited beam quality at the output. Key Features: Ytterbium-doped Fibers Photodarkening-free Single and Double Clad Versions Core Diameter: 5.5 to 9 µm (Taper >40 µm) Cladding Diameter: 90 to 127 µm (Taper 400 µm) Cut off Wavelength: 800 to 1030 nm Core Numerical Aperture: 0.09, 0.16 Cladding Numerical Aperture: >0.26, 0.44, >0.46 Applications: Core-pumped Laser and Amplifier Schemes; Highly Efficient High-reliability CW Lasers; High-peak-power Cladding-pumped Amplifiers